Legal Implications of Private vs. Public Education Systems in Pakistan

Abstract

This article examines the legal ramifications of Pakistan's public and private educational systems, with particular attention to their constitutional clauses, regulatory frameworks, and effects on educational parity. Following Article 25-A of the Pakistani Constitution, the state must offer free and compulsory education to children between the ages of five and sixteen. Private and public schools coexisting, however, has resulted in notable differences in pricing, quality, and accessibility. By analyzing the regulatory monitoring for both sectors, we draw attention to the difficulties in maintaining the efficacy of public education institutions while enforcing standards in private colleges. The article discusses how legal interpretations influence educational rights, accountability, and the socioeconomic effects of private education. It also discusses concerns about equality, inclusion, and how privatization can jeopardize the state's duty to offer universal education. The research ends with suggestions for a well-rounded strategy that balances the advantages of both systems and encourages legislative changes that guarantee all socioeconomic groups in Pakistan fair access to high-quality education.